Gramática+Unidad+Tres

**I. El Presente de verbos irregulares en “yo” **
 * Apuntes de Gramática Unidad Tres **
 *  The verbs “querer”(to want) and “venir”(to come) belong to a group of verbs called stem-changing verbs (**e→ie**). In this group of verbs, the **e** in the stem becomes **ie** in all but the **nosotros** forms in the present tense.

**Querer Venir ** Qu**ie**ro queremos vengo venimos Qu**ie**res qu**ie**ren v**ie**nes v**ie**nen Qu**ie**re qu**ie**ren v**ie**ne v**ie**nen Qu**ie**re qu**ie**ren v**ie**ne v**ie**nen
 *  They are conjugated:

¿Quieres ser abogado? //Do you want to be a lawyer?// Marta no quiere ir Marta does not want to go
 *  Note that in the yo form, venir has an irregular –go ending and has no change in the stem vowel.
 *  The verb **querer** may be followed by an infinitive

· **Los verbos Salir, Saber y Dar ** · Some Spanish verbs are regular in all but the **yo** form of the present tense. Three verbs that fit in this category are **saber** (to know facts or to know how to do something), **salir** (to go out) and **dar** (to give) sabes saben sales salen das dan sabe saben sale salen da dan
 * Saber Salir Dar **
 * sé **sabemos **salgo** salimos **doy** damos

· Other verbs with an irregular yo form include:

**Hacer traer poner ** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">**hago** hacemos **traigo traemos** pongo ponemos haces hacen traes traen pones ponen hace hacen trae traen pone ponen

· **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">El verbo “decir” ** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Decir” has several irregular forms. Only the “nosotros” form is regular <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">d**igo** decimos d**i**ces d**i**cen d**i**ce d**i**cen
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Decir **

· **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Los verbos “conocer” y “ver” ** <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">conoces ves conoce ve conocemos vemos conocen ven
 * Conocer (to know) Ver (to see)**
 * conozco veo**

There are other verbs that are formed like “gustar” and “encantar”. They are: <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · **Quedar (to fit)** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A mí me queda bien ese vestido
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">II. Otros verbos como “gustar” y “encantar” **

<span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · **Importar (to matter; to be important)** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A nosotros nos importa saber tu opinión

<span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Interesar (to interest) ** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A ella no le interesan los deportes

Pronouns that follow prepositions are different from subject pronouns and object pronouns. <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Use these pronouns after prepositions like **para, de, a** and **con.** <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"> Notice that these pronouns are the same as the subject pronouns in all forms except **mí** (yo) and **ti** (tú) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Clara vive lejos de nosotros //Clara lives far from us// Tengo un regalo para ti //I have a gift for you//
 * III. Pronouns after prepositions**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pronouns after prepositions **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">mí nosotros/as **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ti vosotros/as **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">él, ella, usted ellos, ellas, ustedes **

<span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · With verbs like gustar, use pronouns after the preposition “a” to add emphasis: <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">A mí no me gusta el vestido //I don’t like the dress//

<span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · When you use **mí** and **ti** after the preposition **con,** they combine with **con** to form the words **conmigo**and **contigo.** <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">¿Vas a la fiesta **conmigo** o con Jorge? //Are you going to the party with me or with Joe?// <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">No voy con él; voy **contigo** //I’m not going with him; I’m going with you.//
 * IV. “Hacer” in expressions of time: present tense**

<span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · To tell how long someone has been doing something, Spanish uses the verb **hacer** in the following structure:

<span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**Hace + (time) + que + (present tense)**
 * Hace** dos semanas **que** voy a la escuela //I’ve been attending school for two weeks//
 * Hace** tres años **que** vivo aquí //I’ve lived here for three years//
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hace **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">un año **que** estudiamos juntos //We’ve been studying together for one year//

<span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · To ask how long someone has been doing something, Spanish uses the following structure: <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">¿Cuánto tiempo hace que + (present tense)? **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">estudias español? //studying Spanish?// <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">toca el piano Pedro? //playing the piano?//
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">¿Cuánto tiempo hace que **//<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">How long have you been //
 * ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que** //How long has Pedro been//

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">V. Verbos con raíces irregulares en el pretérito ** · These are some other irregular verbs in the preterite. Note that these verbs share the same verb endings (except for dijeron and trajeron), and that there are no written accents.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 0.25in;">ANDAR – **anduv** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">CABER - **cup** ESTAR – **estuv** -e PODER – **pud** -iste PONER – **pus** -o QUERER – **quis** -imos SABER - **sup** -ieron TENER **– tuv** VENIR – **vin** DECIR – **dij** (ellos/ellas/ustedes -eron) TRAER **– traj** (ellos/ellas/ustedes -eron)

**VI. “Hacer” in expressions of time: preterite tense** To describe how long ago something happened, use:

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hace dos años que fui a Puerto Rico //I went to Puerto Rico two years ago// Hace tres horas que comí //I ate three hours ago//
 * Hace + period of time + que + preterite**

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">VII. Verbos que cambian de raíz en el pretérito ** **e→i and o→u**

· In the preterite, only **–ir** verbs undergo stem changes. Verbs that end in **–ar** and **–er** are regular and do not undergo stem changes in the preterite.

Ella **contó** todo el dinero //She counted all the money// No lo **entendí** //I didn’t understand it// No **pensaron** en eso //They didn’t think about that.//

· In **–ir** stem changing verbs, **e** becomes **i** and **o** becomes **u** in the **usted/él/ella** and the **ustedes/ellos/ellas**forms. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pedí pedimos dormí dormimos Pediste dormiste
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">(e→i) (o→u) **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pidió pidieron durmió durmieron **
 * Pidió pidieron durmió durmieron**

The following is a list of common stem-changing **–ir** verbs. Note that the letters in parentheses indicate stem changes in the present tense and in the preterite.

conseguir (i, i) to get, obtain divertirse (ie, i) to have a good time pedir (i, i) to ask for preferir (ie, i) to prefer repetir (i, i) to repeat sentir (ie, i) to feel seguir (i, i) to follow vestirse (i, i) to get dressed **o→ue** (present)/ **o→u** (preterite) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">dormir (ue, u) to sleep morir (ue, u) to die
 * e→i** (present and preterite) **e→ie** (present)/ **e→i** (preterite)